Motor insurance is very important to fully understand. In The UK this is required by law. The road Traffic Act states that all vehicles must be insured against their liability as a result of using a vehicle. Their are three documents that come with the policy. 1 - Certificate of Insurance 2 - Cover Note 3 - Policy Document. It is important to read these documents so that one fully understands the cover taken.
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There are three basic types of cover that are taken. 1 - Third Party 2 - Third Party Fire and Theft 3 - Comprehensive. Third Party covers the required liability insurance required by law. Third party covers this along with the possible theft of the vehicle should it be stolen (There is normally an excess involved which means that this amount is paid for by the individual before the claim is settled). Comprehensive vehicle policies normally (check the policy) covers all this plus any accidental damage to ones' own vehicle, medical expenses and the loss of personal items within a limit, along with any medical expenses incurred to a specified limit.
How does one make a claim? Firstly remember to get as much information as possible. Get names, telephone numbers and addresses. Get the names of the other vehicle's insurers if another motor vehicle is involved and if lucky the policy numbers etc. If there is an injury or damage to property (this includes animals) it is necessary to give your address details along with the same details of the vehicle owner if this is not yourself. Tell your insurers as quickly as possible even if you do not intend to make a claim. This is normally a condition of the policy. Follow the instructions given to you by your insurers and include as much detail as possible. Ignore discussing who is at fault as this may lead to difficulties at a later stage. In other words DO NOT admit that you were at fault and state this even if at the time you believe you were, there may have been other factors that you may not have been aware of at the time and the shock at the time may have resulted in one forgetting this at that moment.